Converts blood glucose between mmol/L and mg/dL; and HbA1c between mmol/mol and percentage.

1. Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)

• Definition: The level of glucose (sugar) in the blood after not eating or drinking anything (except water) for at least 8 hours.
• Purpose: Used to assess baseline blood sugar levels and diagnose diabetes or prediabetes.
• Normal Range:
  • Normal: 70–99 mg/dL (3.9–5.5 mmol/L)
  • Prediabetes: 100–125 mg/dL (5.6–6.9 mmol/L)
  • Diabetes: ≥126 mg/dL (≥7.0 mmol/L)

2. Random Blood Glucose (RBG)

• Definition: The level of glucose in the blood measured at any time of the day, regardless of when the person last ate.
• Purpose: Often used in emergency situations or for quick screening of hyperglycemia.
• Interpretation:
  • Normal (non-diabetic): Typically <140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L)
  • Diabetes: ≥200 mg/dL (≥11.1 mmol/L) with symptoms like frequent urination, thirst, etc.

3. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

• Definition: A blood test that shows the average blood glucose levels over the past 2–3 months by measuring the percentage of glucose attached to hemoglobin in red blood cells.
• Purpose: Long-term monitoring of blood sugar control and diagnosis of diabetes.
• Normal Range:
  • Normal: Below 5.7%
  • Prediabetes: 5.7% to 6.4%
  • Diabetes: 6.5% or higher